Learning about camera effects

I watched two videos about camera settings to help increase my knowledge about how to operate a camera and change the different effects to manipulate the final image. 

Aperture 

Aperture is the measurement of how wide the hole at the back of the lense opens to let in light. It is expressed in F/stops and the smaller the number, the more light coming ito the shot. This can be ajusted to change the depth of field. 

ISO

ISO is how light sensitive the camera is, it can change the sensitivity and the higher the number, the more light sensitive it is. The numbers double as they go up, for example 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600. In a dark room you would need to use a higher ISO and outside you would want a lower ISO as there would be more natural light. The lower the ISO, the more detailed the picture. 

Shutter speed

Shutter speed is measured in fractions of a second and is to do with the amount of time the shutter is open for each time you take a photo. The larger the number, the faster the shutter speed. An example of a fast shutter speed would be 1/2000 sec. and this would be used to capture fast movement, such as sports where people are running around and the moment has to be captured exactly before they move. An example of a slow shutter speed woulod be 1/30 sec. and this would be used in low light situations. The lower the shutter speed, the richer the colours and the more detailed the picture. In daylight 1/25 is advised and if you use under 1/60 then a tripod is needed to avoid camera shake. 

Photogrophers secret: Don't shoot on a shutter speed less than 1 on the focal length of the lens so on a 250mm lens no lower than 1/250th or faster and use a tripod. 

Creative modes

The green triangle is full auto mode where the camera total control of the settings and chooses every setting.

Above the green box are 'creative modes' and below the green
box are 'basic zone modes'.

Creative modes

P (program) 

It has a built in light measuring device called a 'light meter' which selects aperture and shutter speed based on the ISO setting and the light on the subject.

TV (time value)

This gives the shutter speed priority and automatically chooses the aperture. This is best for the control of movement for example avoids blurring on fast moving objects. 

AV (aperture value) 

This allows you to choose the aperture setting and ajust the depth of field or focus on a certain object. The camera then automatically decides the shutter speed settings. A low aperture settings mean there will be a low depth of field and a tripod is needed with this setting. 

A-dep

This allows you to choose important areas in focus, for example objects close to the camera and keep the image sharp. This setting will automatically choose the aperture and it is important to pay attention to the shutter speed. 

M (manual)

This allows you to have total control over the aperture, shutter speed and ISO using the display. This can be used best for under or over exposing images.